Literacy Instruction at Benchmark

Benchmark programs and childrens books and publications and articles by Benchmark faculty and professional collaborators.

  • The Benchmark Word Identification/Vocabulary Development Program. Media, PA: Benchmark Press, 1986; Revised Ed., 1997. (Gaskins, Downer, and the Teachers of Benchmark School).
  • Word Detectives Word Identification Program for Beginning Readers. Media, PA: Benchmark Press, 1996. (Gaskins, Cress, O'Hara, & Donnelly).
  • Word Detectives Transition Program. Media, PA: Benchmark Press, 1999. (O'Hara & Gaskins).
  • Word Detectives Intermediate Program A. Media, PA: Benchmark Press, 2000. (Gaskins).
  • Word Detectives Intermediate Program B. Media, PA: Benchmark Press, 2002. (Gaskins).
  • Introductory Word Detectives Program for 5th Grade & Above. Media, PA: Benchmark Press, 2000. (Gaskins).
  • 56 "Little Books" to accompany Benchmark's Beginning Word I.D. programs.

Books, Articles and Chapters
(authored or co-authored by Irene W. Gaskins, Ed.D. and Robert W. Gaskins, Ph.D.)

 

Most Recent:
Gaskins, I.W. (2011). Interventions to develop decoding proficiencies. In A. McGill-Franzen & R. Allington (Eds.), Handbook of reading disabilities. (pp.289-306) New York: Routledge.

2006-2010

Pressley, M., Gaskins, I.W., & Fingeret, L. (2006). Instruction and development of reading fluency in struggling readers. In. S. Samuels & A. Farstrup (Eds.), What research has to say about fluency instruction (47-69). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.

Pressley, M., & Gaskins, I.W. (2006). Metacognitively competent reading comprehension is constructively responsive reading: How can such reading be developed in students? Metacognition Learning, 1, 99-113.

Pressley, M., Gaskins, I.W., Solic, K., & Collins, S. (2006). A portrait of Benchmark School: How a school produces high achievement in students who previously failed. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 282-306.

Gaskins, I.W., & Labov, L.D. (2007). Diverse perspectives on helping young children build important foundational language and print skills: A review of Handbook of Early Literacy Research, Vol. 2, Reading Research Quarterly,
42 (3).
Gaskins, I.W., & Pressley, M. (2007). Teaching metacognitive strategies that address executive function prccesses within a schoolwide curriculum. In L. Meltzer (Ed.), Executive function in education: From theory to practice (261-286). New York: Guilford Press.

Gaskins, I.W., Satlow, E., & Pressley, M. (2007). Executive control of reading comprehension in the elementary school. In L. Meltzer (Ed.), Executive function in education: From theory to practice (194-215). New York:
Guilford Press.

Gaskins, I.W. (2008). Developing cognitive flexibility in word reading among beginning and struggling readers. In K. Cartwright (Ed.), Literacy processes: Cognitive flexibility in learning and teaching (90-113). New York:
The Guildford Press.

Gaskins, I.W. (2008). Strategy instruction. In E. Anderman & L. Anderman (Eds.), Psychology of classroom learning: An encyclopedia. Farmington,
MI: Gale.

Gaskins, I.W. (2008). Ten tenets of motivation for teaching struggling readersd--And the rest of the class. In R. Fink & S. J. Samuels (Eds.), Inspiring reading success: Interest and motivation in an age of high-stakes testing (pp. 98-116). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.

Ehri, L.C., Satlow, E., & Gaskins, I.W. (2009). Grapho-phonemic enrichment strengthens keyword analogy instruction for struggling young readers, Reading & Writing Quarterly, 25, 162-191.

Pressley, M., Duke, N. K., Gaskins, I. W., Fingeret, L., Halladay, J., Hilden, K., et al. (2009). Working with struggling readers: Why we must get beyond the Simple View of Reading and visions of how it might be done. In T. Gutkin & C. R. Reynolds (Eds.), The Handbook of School Psychology (4th ed.)
(pp.522-554). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Gaskins, I.W., & Galloway, E.P. (2010). Beyond strategy instruction: Looking at person, situation, task, and text variables. In J. Collins & T. Gunning (Eds.), Building struggling students' higher level literacy: Practical ideas, powerful solutions. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.


2001-2005

Gaskins, I.W., Laird, S.R., O'Hara, C., Scott, T., & Cress, C. (2002). Helping struggling readers make sense of reading. In C. Block, L. Gambrell, & M. Pressley (Eds.), Improving comprehension instruction: Rethinking research, theory, and classroom practice (370-383). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Gaskins, I.W. (2003a). A multidimensional approach to beginning literacy. In D.M. Barone & L.M. Morrow (Eds.). Literacy and young children: Research-based practices (pp. 45-60). NY: Guilford Press.

Gaskins, I.W. (2003b). Taking charge of reader, text, activity, and context variables. In A. Sweet & C. Snow (Eds.). Rethinking reading comprehension (141-165). NY: Guilford Press.

Gaskins, I.W., Gensemer, E.W., & Six, L. (2003). Tailoring a middle school language arts class to meet the needs of struggling readers. In R. McCormack & J. Paratore (Eds.), After early intervention, then what? Teaching struggling readers in grades 3 and beyond. Newark, DE: IRA.

Gaskins, I.W. (2004). Professional development at Benchmark School. In D. Strickland & M. Kamil (Eds.), Improving reading achievement through professional development (pp. 195-212). Norwood, MA: Christopher-Gordon Publishers.

Gaskins, I.W. (2004). Word Detectives. Educational Leadership, 61, 70-72.

Gaskins, I.W. (2005). Success with struggling readers: The Benchmark School approach. NY: The Guilford Press.

 

1996-2000

Gaskins, I.W., Ehri, L.C., Cress, C., O'Hara, C., & Donnelly, K. (1996-1997). Procedures for word learning: Making discoveries about words. The Reading Teacher, 50, 312-327.

Gaskins, I.W., Ehri, L.C., Cress, C., O'Hara, C., & Donnelly, K. (1997). Analyzing words and making discoveries about the alphabetic system: Activities for beginning readers. Language Arts, 74, 172-184.

Gaskins, R.W., & Gaskins, I.W. (1997). Creating readers who read for meaning and love to read. The Benchmark School reading program. In S.A. Stahl & D.A. Hayes (Eds.), Instructional models in reading (pp. 131-159). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Gaskins, I.W., Rauch, S., Gensemer, E., Cunicelli, E., O'Hara, C., Six, L., & Scott, T. (1997). Scaffolding the development of intelligence among children who are delayed in learning to read. In K. Hogan & M. Pressley (Eds.), Scaffolding student learning: Instructional approaches & issues (pp. 43-73). Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.

Gaskins, I.W. (1997). Teaching the delayed reader: The Benchmark School model. In J. Flood, S. Heath, & D. Lapp (Eds.), Handbook of research on teaching literacy through the communicative and visual arts (pp. 677-687). New York: Macmillan.

Gaskins, I.W. (1998). A beginning literacy program for at-risk and delayed readers. In J. Metsala & L. Ehri (Eds.), Word recognition in beginning literacy, pp. 209-232. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Gaskins, I.W. (1998). There's more to teaching at-risk and delayed readers than good reading instruction. The Reading Teacher, 51, 534-547.
Gaskins, I.W. (1999). A multidimensional reading program. The Reading Teacher, 53, 162-164.

Gaskins, I.W. (1999). A Multidimensional reading program. The Reading Teacher, 53, 162-164.

Gaskins, I.W. (2000). What will classrooms and schools look like in the new millennium. Reading Research Quarterly, 35, 132-134.


1991-1995

Gaskins, I.W. (1991). And it works for them, too! In J.T. Feeley, C.C. Strickland, & S.B. Wepner (Eds.), Process reading and writing: A literature-based approach, (pp. 160-170). New York: Teachers College Press.

Gaskins, R.W., Gaskins, J.C., & Gaskins, I.W. (1991). A decoding program for poor readers--and the rest of the class, too! Language Arts, 68, 213-225.

Gaskins, I.W., & Elliot, T.T. (1991). Implementing cognitive strategy instruction across the school: The Benchmark manual for teachers. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.

Pressley, M., Gaskins, I.W., Cunicelli, E.A., Burdick, J., Schaub-Matt, M, Lee, D.S., & Powell, N. (1991). Strategy instruction at Benchmark School: A faculty interview study. Learning Disability Quarterly, 14, 19-48.

Pressley, M., El-Dinary, P.M., Gaskins, I.W., Schuder, T., Bergman, J.L., Almasi, J., & Brown, R. (1992). Beyond direct explanation: Transactional instruction of reading comprehension strategies. The Elementary School Journal, 92, 513-555.

Gaskins, R.W., Gaskins, J.C., & Gaskins, I.W. (1992). Using what you know to figure out what you don't know: An analogy approach to decoding. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 8, 197-221.

Gaskins, I.W., Cunicelli, E.A., & Satlow, E. (1992). Implementing an across-the-curriculum strategies program: Teachers' reactions to change. In M. Pressley, K. Harris, & J. Guthrie (Eds.), Promoting academic competence and literacy in school (pp. 407-426). San Diego: Academic Press

Pressley, J., Borkowski, J.G., Forrest-Pressley, D., Gaskins, I.W., & Wile, D. (1993). Closing thoughts on strategy instruction for individuals with learning disabilities: The good information-processing perspective. In L. Meltzer (Ed.), Strategyy assessment and instruction for students with learning disabilities (355-377). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.

Gaskins, I.W., Anderson, R.C., Pressley, M., Cunicelli, E.A., & Satlow, E. (1993). Six teachers' dialogue during cognitive process instruction. The Elementary School Journal, 93, 277-304.

Gaskins, I.W. (1994). Classroom applications of cognitive science: Teaching poor readers how to learn, think, and problem solve. In K. McGilly (Ed.), Classroom lessons (pp. 129-154). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Gaskins, I.W., Satlow, E., Hyson, D., Ostertag, J., & Six, L. (1994). Classroom talk about text: Learning in science class. Journal of Reading, 37, 558-565.
Gaskins, I.W. (1994). Creating optimum learning environments: Is membership in the whole language community necessary? In F. Lehr & J. Osborn (Eds.), Reading, language, and literacy: Instruction for the twenty-first century (115-130). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Gaskins, I.W., Guthrie, J.T., Satlow, E., Ostertag, J., Six, L., Byrne, J., & Connor, B. (1994). Integrating instruction of science, reading, and writing: Goals, teacher development, and assessment. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31, 1039-1056.

Pressley, M. in long-term collaboration with El-Dinary, P., Brown, R., Schuder, T., Oioli, M., Gaskins, I., & Benchmark School Faculty (1994). Transactionhal instruction of reading comprehension strategies. In J. Mangieri & C.C. Block (Eds.), Creating powerful thinking in teachers and students: Diverse perspectives (pp. 112-139). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.


Pressley, M., El-Dinary, P., Brown, R., Schuder, T., Bergman, J., York, M., Gaskins, I., & Faculties and Administration of Benchmark School and the Montgomery County MD SAIL/SIA Programs (1995). A transactional strategies instruction Christmas carol. In A. McdKeough, J. Lupart, & A. Marini (Eds.), Teaching for transfer: Fostering generalizationi in learning (pp. 177-213). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum

Pressley, M., Rankin, J., Gaskins, I., Brown, R., & El-Dinary, P. (1995). Mapping the cutting-edge in primary-level literacy instruction for weak and at-risk readers. In T. Scruggs & M. Mastropieri (Eds.), Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities,Vol. 9 (pp. 47-90).

Gaskins, R.W., Gaskins, I.W., Anderson, R.C., & Schommer, M. (1995). The reciprocal relationship between research and development: An example involving a decoding strand for poor readers. Journal of Reading Behavior, 27, 337-377.

1981-1990

Gaskins, I.W. (1981). Reading for learning: Going beyond basals in the elementary grades. The Reading Teacher, 35, 323-328.

Gaskins, I.W. (1982). Let's end the reading disabilities/learning disabilities debate. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 15, 81-83.

Gaskins, I.W. (1982). A writing program for poor readers and writers and the rest of the class, too. Language Arts, 59, 854-861.

Gaskins, I.W., & Elliot, T.T. (Eds.) (1983). Teaching for success: Administrative and classroom practices at Benchmark School. Media, PA: Benchmark Press.

Gaskins, I.W. (1984). There's more to a reading problem than poor reading. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 17, 467-471.

Gaskins, I.W., & Baron, J. (1985). Teaching poor readers to cope with maladaptive cognitive styles: A training program. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 18, 390-394.

Baron, J., Badgio, P.C., & Gaskins, I.W. (1986). Cognitive style and its improvement: A normative approach. In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Advances in the psychology of human intelligence (Vol. 3) (pp. 173-220). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Gaskins, I.W. (1988). Helping teachers adapt to the needs of students with learning problems. In S.J. Samuels & P.D. Pearson (Eds.), Changing school reading programs (pp. 143-159). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.

Gaskins, I.W., Downer, M., Anderson, R., Cunningham, P., Gaskins, R., Schommer, M., & the Teachers of Benchmark School (1988). A metacognitive approach to phonics: Using what you know to decode what you don't know. Remedial and Special Education, 9, 36-41.

Gaskins, I.W. (1988). Teachers as thinking coaches: Creating strategic learners and problem solvers. Reading, Writing, and Learning Disabilities, 4, 35-48.

Gaskins, I. W. (1988). Introduction: A special issue on poor readers in the classroom. The Reading Teacher, 41, 748-749.

Gaskins, R. W. (1988). The missing ingredients: Time on task, direct instruction, and writing. The Reading Teacher, 41, 750-755.


1970-1980

Gaskins, I.W. (1970). Characteristics that differentiate dyslexics from nondyslexic poor readers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.

Gaskins, I.W. (1980). The Benchmark story: The first ten years, 1970/1980. Media, PA: Benchmark Press.

Articles and Chapters Listed by Topic

Benchmark Word Identification Programs

Gaskins, I.W. (1998). A beginning literacy program for at-risk and delayed readers. In J. Metsala & L. Ehri (Eds.), Word recognition in beginning literacy, pp. 209-232. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Gaskins, I.W. (2003a). A multidimensional approach to beginning literacy. In D.M. Barone & L.M. Morrow (Eds.). Literacy and young children: Research-based practices (pp. 45-60). NY: Guilford Press. http://www.guilford.com/p/barone

Gaskins, I.W., Downer, M., Anderson, R., Cunningham, P., Gaskins, R., Schommer, M., & the Teachers of Benchmark School (1988). A metacognitive approach to phonics: Using what you know to decode what you don't know. Remedial and Special Education, 9, 36-41.

Gaskins, I.W., Ehri, L.C., Cress, C., O'Hara, C., & Donnelly, K. (1996-1997). Procedures for word learning: Making discoveries about words. The Reading Teacher, 50, 312-327.

Gaskins, I.W., Ehri, L.C., Cress, C., O'Hara, C., & Donnelly, K. (1997). Analyzing words and making discoveries about the alphabetic system: Activities for beginning readers. Language Arts, 74, 172-184.

Gaskins, R.W., Gaskins, I.W., Anderson, R.C., & Schommer, M. (1995). The reciprocal relationship between research and development: An example involving a ecoding strand for poor readers. Journal of Reading Behavior, 27, 337-377.

Gaskins, R.W., Gaskins, J.C., & Gaskins, I.W. (1991). A decoding program for poor
readers--and the rest of the class, too! Language Arts, 68, 213-225.

Gaskins, R.W., Gaskins, J.C., & Gaskins, I.W. (1992). Using what you know to figure out what you don't know: An analogy approach to decoding. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 8, 197-221.

Strategy/Comprehension Instruction

Gaskins, I.W., & Pressley, M. (In press). Teaching metacognitive strategies within school-wide curriculum. In L. Meltzer (Ed.), Understanding executive function: Implications and opportunities for the classroom.New York:Guilford.

Pressley, M., & Gaskins, I.W. (Submitted). Metacognitively competent reading comprehension is constructively responsive reading: How such reading can be developed in students?

Gaskins, I.W. (1988). Teachers as thinking coaches: Creating strategic learners and problem solvers. Reading, Writing, and Learning Disabilities, 4, 35-48.

Gaskins, I.W. (1994). Classroom applications of cognitive science: Teaching poor readers how to learn, think, and problem solve. In K. McGilly (Ed.), Classroom lessons (pp. 129-154). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Gaskins, I.W. (2003b). Taking charge of reader, text, activity, and context variables. In A. Sweet & C. Snow (Eds.). Rethinking reading comprehension (141-165). NY: Guilford Press. http://www.guilford.com/p/sweet

Gaskins, I.W., Anderson, R.C., Pressley, M., Cunicelli, E.A., & Satlow, E. (1993). Six teachers' dialogue during cognitive process instruction. The Elementary School Journal, 93, 277-304.

Gaskins, I.W., Cunicelli, E.A., & Satlow, E. (1992). Implementing an across-the-curriculum strategies program: Teachers' reactions to change. In M. Pressley, K. Harris, & J. Guthrie (Eds.), Promoting academic competence and literacy in school (pp. 407-426). San Diego: Academic Press.

Gaskins, I.W., & Elliot, T.T. (1991). Implementing cognitive strategy instruction across the school: The Benchmark manual for teachers. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.

Gaskins, I.W., Guthrie, J.T., Satlow, E., Ostertag, J., Six, L., Byrne, J., & Connor, B. (1994). Integrating instruction of science, reading, and writing: Goals, teacher development, and assessment. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31, 1039-1056.

Gaskins, I.W., Laird, S.R., O'Hara, C., Scott, T., & Cress, C. (2002). Helping struggling readers make sense of reading. In C. Block, L. Gambrell, & M. Pressley, Improving comprehension instruction: Rethinking research, theory, and classroom practice (370-383). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Gaskins, I.W., Rauch, S., Gensemer, E., Cunicelli, E., O'Hara, C., Six, L., & Scott, T. (1997). Scaffolding the development of intelligence among children who are delayed in learning to read. In K. Hogan & M. Pressley (Eds.), Scaffolding student learning: Instructional approaches & issues (pp. 43-73). Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.

Gaskins, I.W., Satlow, E., Hyson, D., Ostertag, J., & Six, L. (1994). Classroom talk about text:Learning in science class. Journal of Reading, 37, 558-565.

Pressley, M., El-Dinary, P.M., Gaskins, I.W., Schuder, T., Bergman, J.L., Almasi, J., & Brown, R. (1992). Beyond direct explanation: Transactional instruction of reading comprehension strategies. The Elementary School Journal, 92, 513-555.

Pressley, M., Gaskins, I.W., Cunicelli, E.A., Burdick, J., Schaub-Matt, M, Lee, D.S., & Powell, N. (1991). Strategy instruction at Benchmark School: A faculty interview study. Learning Disability Quarterly, 14, 19-48.

Pressley, M., Rankin, J., Gaskins, I., Brown, R., & El-Dinary, P. (1995). Mapping the cutting-edge in primary-level literacy instruction for weak and at-risk readers. In T. Scruggs & M. Mastropieri (Eds.), Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities, Vol. 9 (pp. 47-90). Greenwich, CN: JAI Press.

Writing Instruction

Gaskins, I.W. (1982). A writing program for poor readers and writers and the rest of the class, too. Language Arts, 59, 854-861.

Gaskins, I.W. (1991). And it works for them, too! In J.T. Feeley, C.C. Strickland, & S.B. Wepner (Eds.), Process reading and writing: A literature-based approach, (pp. 160-170). New York: Teachers College Press.

Characteristics of Struggling Readers

Gaskins, I.W. (1970). Characteristics that differentiate dyslexics from nondyslexic poor readers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.

Gaskins, I.W. (1982). Let's end the reading disabilities/learning disabilities debate. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 15, 81-83.

Gaskins, I.W., & Baron, J. (1985). Teaching poor readers to cope with maladaptive cognitive styles: A training program. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 18, 390-394.

Baron, J., Badgio, P.C., & Gaskins, I.W. (1986). Cognitive style and its improvement: A normative approach. In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Advances in the psychology of human intelligence (Vol. 3) (pp. 173-220). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Total Program for Struggling Readers

Gaskins, I.W. (1980). The Benchmark story: The first ten years, 1970/1980. Media, PA: Benchmark Press.

Gaskins, I.W. (1981). Reading for learning: Going beyond basals in the elementary grades. The Reading Teacher, 35, 323-328.

Gaskins, I.W. (1984). There's more to a reading problem than poor reading. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 17, 467-471.

Gaskins, I.W. (1994). Creating optimum learning environments: Is membership in the whole language community necessary? In F. Lehr & J. Osborn (Eds.), Reading, language, and literacy: Instruction for the twenty-first century (115-130). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Gaskins, I.W. (1997). Teaching the delayed reader: The Benchmark School model. In J. Flood, S. Heath, & D. Lapp (Eds.), Handbook of research on teaching literacy through the communicative and visual arts (pp. 677-687). New York: Macmillan.

Gaskins, I.W. (1998). There's more to teaching at-risk and delayed readers than good reading instruction. The Reading Teacher, 51, 534-547.

Gaskins, I.W. (1999). A multidimensional reading program. The Reading Teacher, 53, 162-164.

Gaskins, I.W. (2000). What will classrooms and schools look like in the new millennium. Reading Research Quarterly, 35, 132-134.

Gaskins, I.W., & Elliot, T.T. (Eds.) (1983). Teaching for success: Administrative and classroom practices at Benchmark School. Media, PA: Benchmark Press.

Gaskins, I.W., Gensemer, E.W., & Six, L. (2003). Tailoring a middle school language arts class to meet the needs of struggling readers. In R. McCormack & J. Paratore (Eds.), After early intervention, then what? Teaching struggling readers in grades 3 and beyond. Newark, DE: IRA.

Gaskins, R. W. (1988). The missing ingredients: Time on task, direct instruction, and writing. The Reading Teacher, 41, 750-755.

Gaskins, R.W., (1992). When good instruction is not enough: A mentor program.The Reading Teacher, 45, 568-572.

Gaskins, R.W., & Gaskins, I.W. (1997). Creating readers who read for meaning and love to read. The Benchmark School reading program. In S.A. Stahl & D.A. Hayes (Eds.), Instructional models in reading (pp. 131-159). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Professional Development

Gaskins, I.W. (1988). Helping teachers adapt to the needs of students with learning problems. In S.J. Samuels & P.D. Pearson (Eds.), Changing school reading programs (pp. 143-159). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.

Gaskins, I.W. (2004). Professional development at Benchmark School. In D. Strickland & M. Kamil (Eds.), Improving reading achievement through professional development (pp. 195-212). Norwood, MA: Christopher-Gordon.